What is the primary condition that can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

The primary condition that can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is severe pneumonia or trauma. ARDS is characterized by widespread inflammation in the lungs, which can occur following various forms of lung insult. Severe pneumonia is one of the most common causes as it leads to inflammation and damage to the alveoli, impairing gas exchange and resulting in acute respiratory failure.

Trauma can similarly result in ARDS through mechanisms such as direct lung injury or systemic inflammatory responses following injuries, such as from accidents or surgeries. This trauma can include severe injuries that induce a cascade of inflammatory mediators, impacting lung function dramatically.

In contrast, while a severe asthma attack may cause significant respiratory distress, it typically does not lead to ARDS. Allergic reactions can cause asthma-like symptoms but are not the primary conflict leading to ARDS. Chronic bronchitis, a long-term lung condition, does not predominantly trigger the acute process seen in ARDS; instead, it contributes to ongoing respiratory issues and may cause chronic respiratory failure over time.